Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 5th Edition

Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 5th Edition

Authors: David C. Lay, Steven R. Lay, Judi J. McDonald

ISBN-13: 978-0321982384

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See our solution for Question 15E from Chapter 1.4 from Lay's Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 5th Edition.

Problem 15E

Chapter:
Problem:
Show that the equation Ax = b does not have a solution for all possible b, and describe the set of all b for which Ax = b does have a solution...

Step-by-Step Solution

Step 1
Given Matrix (A) and Vector ($\bf{b}$):
\[\begin{array}{l}{\bf{b}} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{b_1}}\\{{b_2}}\end{array}} \right]\\\\A = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}2&{ - 1}\\{ - 6}&3\end{array}} \right]\end{array}\]We have to prove that the the Equation $A{\bf{x}} = {\bf{b}}$ does not have a solution for all possible values of $\bf{b}$. Also we have to find the values for which the solution is possible.

Step 2: System of Equations
\[\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}2&{ - 1}\\{ - 6}&3\end{array}} \right]\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{x_1}}\\{{x_2}}\end{array}} \right] = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{b_1}}\\{{b_2}}\end{array}} \right]\]

Step 3: The Augmented Form

\[M = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}2&{ - 1}&{{b_1}}\\{ - 6}&3&{{b_2}}\end{array}} \right]\]

Step 4: The Echelon Form

\[\begin{array}{l}M = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}2&{ - 1}&{{b_1}}\\{ - 6}&3&{{b_2}}\end{array}} \right]\\\\ = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}2&{ - 1}&{{b_1}}\\0&0&{{b_2} + 3{b_1}}\end{array}} \right]\,\,\,\,::\{ {R_3} = {R_3} + 2{R_1}\} \end{array}\]For the matrix shown above, if the last row is completely zero then the system has infinite solutions. Otherwise, the equation has no solution.

Thus the equation does not always have a solution.

Step 5: Possible Solution

To have a poss solution last row should be completely zero. \[\begin{array}{l}{b_2} + 3{b_1} = 0\\\\{b_2} = - 3{b_1}\end{array}\]

ANSWERS
Possible Solution only if $${b_2} = - 3{b_1}$$